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'''Healing''' is the act of recovering a unit's current [[health]], which includes various methods such as [[Lifesteal]], [[Health Regen]], and [[Item]] effects.

== Overview ==
The most reliable way for a player to heal themselves is by killing a [[Trooper|Medic Trooper]] and picking up their Medic Pack, or by going back to their team's base, which has a constant source of healing. Alternatively, they can buy Healing or [[Lifesteal]] items. Some heroes also have healing abilities. See a full list of healing sources below.

Besides direct healing, players passively recover health at all times through [[Health Regen]].

== Healing Amp ==

Healing Amp, also known as Healing Effectiveness, is a [[Stats|stat]] which increases the amount of healing a hero does with their [[abilities]] and [[items]]. This affects both healing to themselves and to their allies. Healing Amp affects healing-over-time buffs, such as {{ItemIcon|Healing Rite}}'s active effect.

This [[Stats|stat]] is represented as a percentage. For example, a 25% gain would increase a heal of 100 to 125.

== Healing Reduction ==
Healing Reduction is a negative effect which reduces the effectiveness of healing on the unit it is applied to.

Healing Reduction is represented as a percentage and stacks multiplicatively, meaning each additional source has diminishing returns.

If a player is hit by the same source of Healing Reduction before its effect has worn off (e.g. two or more enemy players with {{ItemIcon|Healbane}}), only the first source is applied.

== Calculation ==

=== Calculating Healing Reduction ===
Multiple sources of Healing Reduction stack '''multiplicatively''':

<math>\text{Total Reduction} = 1 - (1 - R_1) \times (1 - R_2) \dots</math>

'''Example:'''
If two sources of Healing Reduction are applied, one providing '''40%''' and another providing '''40%''':
# Convert percentages to decimals: 0.40 and 0.40.
# Subtract from 1: (1 - 0.40) = '''0.60''' and (1 - 0.40) = '''0.60'''.
# Multiply the remainders: 0.60 × 0.60 = '''0.36'''.
# Subtract from 1: 1 - 0.36 = '''0.64'''.
# Total Healing Reduction is '''64%''', not 80%.

=== Calculating Final Healing ===

<math>\text{Final Healing} = \text{Initial Healing} \times (1 - \text{Total Reduction}) \times (1 + \text{Healing Amp})</math>

'''Example:'''
A heal of '''200 HP''' is applied to a target with '''64%''' Total Healing Reduction. The healer has '''25%''' Healing Amp.
# Apply Reduction: 200 × (1 - 0.64) = 200 × 0.36 = '''72 HP'''.
# Apply Amp: 72 × (1 + 0.25) = 72 × 1.25 = '''90 HP'''.
# Final Healing received is '''90 HP'''.
Note: Healing from self-damage sources such as {{HeroIcon|Victor}}'s {{AbilityIcon|Pain Battery}} and {{AbilityIcon|Aura of Suffering}} does not appear in the endgame hero stats screen, but it does appear in the healing sources graph.

== Sources of direct healing ==
Killing a [[Trooper|Medic Trooper]] drops a Medic Pack that heals nearby players based on the following formula:

''Heal = ({{MiscData|medic_trooper_aoe_health_pickup_amber|MissingPctRegen|Base}}% of hero's missing [[Health|HP]] + {{MiscData|medic_trooper_aoe_health_pickup_amber|RegenFixed|Base}} HP + {{MiscData|medic_trooper_aoe_health_pickup_amber|RegenFixed|PerMinuteAfterStart}} HP per minute) / Number of nearby heroes''

The team's base heals players by increasing their [[Health Regen]] to {{DataProp|Convar|citadel_player_regen_zone_bonus_pct}}% of their maximum [[health]] per second plus {{DataProp|Convar|citadel_player_regen_zone_bonus_base}} health per second.

=== Heroes ===

{{AbilityTable|heal}}

=== Items ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of items
! Name !! {{Souls}} Cost !! Category !! Healing amount
|-
| {{ItemIcon|Restorative Shot}} || {{#invoke:ItemData|get_cost|Restorative Shot}} || Weapon || {{#invoke:ItemData|get_prop|Restorative Shot|HealFromHero}} Healing From Heroes<br/>{{#invoke:ItemData|get_prop|Restorative Shot|HealFromNPC}} Healing From NPCs
|-
| {{ItemIcon|Headhunter}} || {{#invoke:ItemData|get_cost|Headhunter}} || Weapon || {{#invoke:ItemData|get_prop|Headhunter|HealPercentPerHeadshot}} Heal Per Headshot
|-
| {{ItemIcon|Healing Rite}} || {{#invoke:ItemData|get_cost|Healing Rite}} || Vitality || {{#invoke:ItemData|get_prop|Healing Rite|TotalHealthRegen}} Total HP Regen
|-
| {{ItemIcon|Melee Lifesteal}} || {{#invoke:ItemData|get_cost|Melee Lifesteal}} || Vitality || {{#invoke:ItemData|get_prop|Melee Lifesteal|LifestrikeHeal}} Heal on Melee Hit ({{#invoke:ItemData|get_prop|Melee Lifesteal|NonHeroHealPct}} on NPCs)
|-
| {{ItemIcon|Healbane}} || {{#invoke:ItemData|get_cost|Healbane}} || Vitality || {{#invoke:ItemData|get_prop|Healbane|HealOnKill}} Heal On Hero Kill
|-
| {{ItemIcon|Restorative Locket}} || {{#invoke:ItemData|get_cost|Restorative Locket}} || Vitality || {{#invoke:ItemData|get_prop|Restorative Locket|HealPerStack}} Heal Per Stack
|-
| {{ItemIcon|Healing Nova}} || {{#invoke:ItemData|get_cost|Healing Nova}} || Vitality || {{#invoke:ItemData|get_prop|Healing Nova|TotalHealthRegen}} Total HP Regen
|-
| {{ItemIcon|Lifestrike}} || {{#invoke:ItemData|get_cost|Lifestrike}} || Vitality || {{#invoke:ItemData|get_prop|Lifestrike|LifestealHeal}} Heal on Melee Hit, plus {{#invoke:ItemData|get_prop|Lifestrike|LifestealHealPercent}} Lifesteal ({{#invoke:ItemData|get_prop|Lifestrike|NonHeroHealPct}} on NPCs)
|-
| {{ItemIcon|Rescue Beam}} || {{#invoke:ItemData|get_cost|Rescue Beam}} || Vitality || {{#invoke:ItemData|get_prop|Rescue Beam|HealPercentAmount}} Heal Amount
|-
| {{ItemIcon|Siphon Bullets}} || {{#invoke:ItemData|get_cost|Siphon Bullets}} || Vitality ||{{#invoke:ItemData|get_prop|Siphon Bullets|HealthSteal}} Max HP Steal Per Bullet
|-
| {{ItemIcon|Radiant Regeneration}} || {{#invoke:ItemData|get_cost|Radiant Regeneration}} || Spirit ||{{#invoke:ItemData|get_prop|Radiant Regeneration|HealingPerCast}} Heal on Ability Cast
|}

== Sources of healing reduction ==
=== Heroes ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of heroes
! Name !! Ability !! Healing reduction
!Duration
|-
|{{HeroIcon|Infernus}}
|{{AbilityIcon|Napalm}} (T3)
|'''{{#invoke:Abilities|get_ability_upgrade_prop|Napalm|3|HealAmpReceivePenaltyPercent}}'''% Healing Reduction
|{{#invoke:Abilities|get_ability_prop|Napalm|DebuffDuration}} seconds
|-
|{{HeroIcon|Pocket}}
|{{AbilityIcon|Affliction}} (T3)
| '''-100'''% (Prevents all healing)
|{{#expr:{{#invoke:Abilities|get_ability_prop|Affliction|DebuffDuration}}+{{#invoke:Abilities|get_ability_upgrade_prop|Affliction|2|DebuffDuration}}}} seconds
|-
|{{HeroIcon|Vyper}}
|{{AbilityIcon|Lethal Venom}} (T2)
|'''{{#invoke:Abilities|get_ability_upgrade_prop|Lethal Venom|2|HealAmpReceivePenaltyPercent}}'''% Healing Reduction
|{{#invoke:Abilities|get_ability_prop|Lethal Venom|VenomDuration}} seconds
|-
|{{HeroIcon|Venator}}
|{{AbilityIcon|Consecrating Grenade}}
|'''{{#invoke:Abilities|get_ability_prop|Consecrating Grenade|HealAmpReceivePenaltyPercent}}'''% Healing Reduction
|{{#invoke:Abilities|get_ability_prop|Consecrating Grenade|BurnDuration}} seconds
|-
|{{HeroIcon|Venator}}
|{{AbilityIcon|Consecrating Grenade}} (T2)
|'''{{#invoke:Abilities|get_ability_prop|Consecrating Grenade|HealAmpReceivePenaltyPercent}}'''% Healing Reduction
|{{#expr:{{#invoke:Abilities|get_ability_prop|Consecrating Grenade|BurnDuration}}+{{#invoke:Abilities|get_ability_upgrade_prop|Consecrating Grenade|2|BurnDuration}}}} seconds
|-
|{{HeroIcon|Venator}}
|{{AbilityIcon|Consecrating Grenade}} (T3)
|'''{{#expr:{{#invoke:Abilities|get_ability_prop|Consecrating Grenade|HealAmpReceivePenaltyPercent}}+{{#invoke:Abilities|get_ability_upgrade_prop|Consecrating Grenade|3|HealAmpReceivePenaltyPercent}}}}'''% Healing Reduction
|{{#expr:{{#invoke:Abilities|get_ability_prop|Consecrating Grenade|BurnDuration}}+{{#invoke:Abilities|get_ability_upgrade_prop|Consecrating Grenade|2|BurnDuration}}}} seconds
|-
|{{HeroIcon|Vindicta}}
|{{AbilityIcon|Crow Familiar}} (T1)
|'''{{#invoke:Abilities|get_ability_upgrade_prop|Crow Familiar|1|HealAmpReceivePenaltyPercent}}'''% Healing Reduction
|{{#invoke:Abilities|get_ability_prop|Crow Familiar|DebuffDuration}} seconds
|-
|{{HeroIcon|Vindicta}}
|{{AbilityIcon|Crow Familiar}} (T3)
|'''{{#invoke:Abilities|get_ability_upgrade_prop|Crow Familiar|1|HealAmpReceivePenaltyPercent}}'''% Healing Reduction
|{{#expr:{{#invoke:Abilities|get_ability_prop|Crow Familiar|DebuffDuration}}+{{#invoke:Abilities|get_ability_upgrade_prop|Crow Familiar|3|DebuffDuration}}}} seconds
|-
|{{HeroIcon|Drifter}}
|{{AbilityIcon|Stalker's Mark}} (T3)
|'''{{#invoke:Abilities|get_ability_upgrade_prop|Stalker's Mark|3|HealAmpReceivePenaltyPercent}}'''% Healing Reduction
|{{#expr:{{#invoke:Abilities|get_ability_prop|Stalker's Mark|AbilityDuration}}+{{#invoke:Abilities|get_ability_upgrade_prop|Stalker's Mark|2|AbilityDuration}}}} seconds
|}

=== Items ===
{{Item stat table|Healing Reduction}}

* {{ItemIcon|Cheat Death}} applies '''{{#invoke:ItemData|get_prop|Cheat Death|HealAmpReceivePenaltyPercent}}''' healing reduction to its user for {{#invoke:ItemData|get_prop|Cheat Death|DeathImmunityDuration}} seconds (the same duration as the invulnerability).

== See also ==
* [[Bullet Lifesteal]]
* [[Spirit Lifesteal]]
* [[Health Regen]]

{{Stats}}
{{Navbox gameplay}}